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Kakishibu Marinade for Thin Kozo Papers

Summer 2013
Summer 2013
:
Volume
28
, Number
1
Article starts on page
24
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Julie McLaughlin has been making paper and exploring paper's sculptural possibilities since the early 1990s. She shows her work—based on the corseted silhouette using handmade papers and welded, steel-rod armatures—both nationally and internationally. She is currently using her years spent as a theatre costume designer as a springboard for designing wearable handmade paper garments. Graduating from the University of Northern Iowa with a BA in art, she maintains a studio in Dysart, Iowa where she lives with husband Michael.  I developed this marinade for my large, thin kozo sheets after being introduced to kakishibu while in residency at Luther College in Decorah, Iowa during the winter of 2007. Using Chris Conrad's book, Kakishibu, Traditional Persimmon Dye of Japan, as my guide, I started experimenting with my handmade kozo papers. I found that I could not incorporate the traditional methods spelled out in the book because of the fragility of my extremely thin, 6 x 9-foot sheets. After destroying many beautiful sheets by immersing them in a kakishibu bath, I blended the basic recipe found in the book with a different method of application and thusly my "marinade" was born.

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This is not for the impatient artist as it takes a while to get the luscious, deep, earth-tone colors and leather-like texture I so desire. For the kakishibu concentrate: . cup powdered kakishibu 1 liter water Mix thoroughly in a wide-mouthed jar (such as a 2-pound mixednuts container). Let stand overnight, covered. There may be clumps. Measure out 2 ounces of kakishubu concentrate. I put netting or screen over the mouth of the jar to act as a strainer. Mix with 12 ounces of water to make a 6:1 working solution. Pour this solution into a sprayer. A 2-quart garden sprayer works quite well. Lay paper on the floor on top of muslin or cotton sheeting. Totally saturate the paper using the sprayer. Cover with cotton sheeting, then plastic, and let it marinade for 12 to 24 hours. Uncover and let the paper dry. I often put a fan on the paper to expedite drying. After the paper is dry, carefully remove it from the sheeting and crumple it into a small ball, then smooth it out and start the process all over again. Each time I increase the strength of the marinade. I repeat this process times using a 4:1, then 3:1, 2:1 and finally 1:1 ratio of water to the kakishibu concentrate. If desired, the kakishibu solution can be applied full strength for the final application. This repeated dyeing, drying, and crumpling of the paper are what give the paper that leather-like look. The paper will darken with each spray application. It is also important to know that the paper will darken over time. Modifiers can also be used after the final marinade. My particular favorite is bicarbonate of soda mixed with water (1.5 teaspoons to 500 milliliters of water). Spraying this mixture on crumpled kakishibu-dyed paper yields warmer brown tones. I also use diluted iron in the same manner which gives luscious gray/black tones. Kakishibu coats the fibers of the paper, strengthening the paper and making it water resistant. I make wearable garments using handmade kozo paper. I confidently explain to the doubtful that the garment won't fall apart if caught in the rain! The author uses a garden sprayer to add bicarbonate-of-soda modifier to loosely pleated kozo paper. The modifier adds a linear texture to the kakishibu-dyed paper. Wearable "Woven Tunic" made from handmade kozo papers, dyed and modified using kakishibu, bicarbonate of soda, and iron, 2011. Design and construction by the author.